Child Health Essays - Health, Medicine, Pediatrics,

Child Health For the purpose of confidentiality the name of the case study, has been changed (UKCC 1996) The aim of this essay was to select a client, the client in this case being a ten-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis, in a hospital setting. To assess the holistic needs of that client, using Beck, Williams and Rawlings "The five dimensions of self", (Beck 1993) Josh has lived with cystic fibrosis for 7 years ?People with CF suffer from chronic lung problems and digestive disorders. The lungs of people with Cystic Fibrosis become covered with sticky mucus, which is hard to remove and promotes infection by bacteria. Many people with CF require frequent hospitalisations and continuous use of antibiotics, enzyme supplements, and other medications. Born and living in hull 59 miles away, Josh has to be admitted to this ward every two months for treatment, when admitted he generally remains in hospital for three weeks. Josh has no father, but has a mother who is very protective and takes a keen interest in his care. His mother who works as a sales assistant in a small shop in hull, travels with Josh every two months and stays with him for the duration. Intellectual Dimension Education has been provided in hospital for many years, the 1944 education act stated that "all children should be educated according to age, ability and aptitude" (Hull 1989). One of the problems with having to attend the ward every few months is the lack of schooling Josh received, and increased chance that he will get behind in his schoolwork. This is why it is extremely important that education and homework should continue in hospital. The teacher on the ward that I worked came to see the children at 9am until 12pm Monday to Friday, spending around 15mins with each child. Having spoken to the teacher she said that she has to find each child's level, and work from that. This has its benefits, giving the child the one to one tuition, however in Josh's situation, he wasn't very well, and didn't feel particularly motivated. The last thing he felt like doing was schoolwork. The teacher did nothing to motivate Josh, she would explain what he had to do, and then leave him until the following day. As soon as the teacher had gone, he would put the work down and do something else. It was left to the nurses on duty to motivate him to do his work, which during busy periods was quite difficult, so regardless of the teacher being employed by the hospital, I don't believe in Josh's case it was very useful. Making it a little more interesting would have helped, and spending more than fifteen minutes to actually sit and go through the work, would not only ensure that he did the work but gave some contact with another person Emotional The emotional state of the child is also a crucial element in development and health. According The Department of Health, "We now have a far greater knowledge of how children develop both emotionally and physically. With that understanding has come an awareness of the emotion vulnerability of the child and the effect which early experience can have on later development," (DOH 1991) Josh's mother was very anxious about Josh and about her job, she was finding it incredibly difficult to hold onto jobs that allow her the time she needs to spend with Josh every few months. To help with the accommodation aspect of her living temporarily in Leeds, there is a building for families called Ecclesley house, which is situated in the grounds of St James hospital. It enabled parents to be close to there children and to have all the comforts of home. This is not only hugely beneficial for the parent but also for the child. It was especially advantageous for Josh and his mum, who came all the way from Hull. It was important to allow mum to be able to ask any questions she wanted and to have those questions answered in a clear legible way. It was important to allow mum to have as much hands on care for Josh as possible, giving her some of the responsibility of care for Josh. This is known as family centred care, "Family centred

The Point Sample Method of Timber Cruising

The Point Sample Method of Timber Cruising Ed. Note: The first essential step toward selling timber or timberland is an inventory. It is a necessary step which enables the seller to set a realistic price on both the wood and the land. The inventory and methods used to determine volumes are also used between sales to make silvicultural and management decisions. Here is the equipment you need, the cruising procedure and how to calculate the cruise. This report is based on an article written by Ron Wenrich. Ron is a sawmill consultant and has extensive knowledge on how to inventory your forest using the point sampling method. All links included were chosen by the editor. Equipment For a timber cruise, other equipment besides the angle gauge will be needed. Some like to do a systematic cruise where plots are taken at regular intervals throughout the stand. In addition to an angle gauge, a compass, and a property map, something to accurately determine diameter should be taken along. Plots Each plot will represent a 1/10 acre sample. Its a good idea to do a 10% sample and take point samples at 200 ft intervals. This is a little better than a 10% cruise, but it is easy to plot on a map and is easy to locate on the ground. For a 10% sample, every acre will need 1 plot. A 5% cruise can be taken by taking point samples at 300 ft intervals. There is no need to run cruise lines through fields or other treeless areas. It is also best to cruise when leaves are not a factor - spring and fall are best. Each plot will take about 5 to 10 minutes to locate and record, depending on conditions of both the area and the cruiser. Paces For point location, use a compass and pace system. But before starting it is important to know how many paces you take to make 100 ft. To do this, measure 100 ft on a level surface. Simply walk the distance to find how many paces it takes to complete 100 ft. (some people use 66 ft. or a chain to compute their grid using a chain length). When pacing it is important to remember that you are measuring level distances. On slopes, you will have to take a few more paces to find your level point. The more severe the slope, the more paces that are necessary. Brushy conditions will also make it necessary to slip a few paces, since your gait will be altered. Walking downhill will cause your gait to be longer, so not as many paces will be needed to compensate as walking uphill. Accuracy is not a factor in plot location, so if youre off, it wont impact your results. Point Samples Before the cruise, you will need to establish where your points are to be placed. Make a map of the property or you can use aerial photos. From a known starting point that can be found on the ground, start to run north-south and east-west lines in a grid at every 200 ft. for a 10% sample. Where the lines intersect is where the point samples are to be taken. Successive plots do not have to be all in one line. Turning to get a plot is helpful and should be used where there are natural obstacles, such as wet areas, etc. For the actual cruise, it may be useful to take some sort of staff along to keep track of your plot center. Ribbon can also be used. I always take it down when done with the plot. Cruising Starting at your known point, run your line to your first point. Along the way, you can mark on your map, anything that is of notice, such as a stream, road, fence, or timber type change. This will help if you are making a type map or are writing a management report. At the first point, take your angle gauge and count the number of trees that fall into your plot. For each plot, take note of each counted tree by species, diameter, and merchantable height. Diameters should be tallied by 2 diameter classes. Tree form may also be noted. Any pertinent information should be noted before moving on to your next plot. Also note any trees that you would remove at each point. This can be used as a preliminary cruise for harvesting. Keep each plot information separate. After all the lines are run, you will have a complete map of your property. Just connect where roads, fences and other occurrences intersect. Ronald D. Wenrich is a sawmill management consultant from Jonestown, Pennsylvania, USA. This Penn State graduate has logged timber, inspected treated forest products, been a mill foreman, procured wood, and is now a sawmilling specialist and consultant.

Letter of Advice to client Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Letter of Advice to client - Research Paper Example Of importance, landmark decisions will be central to the essay construction. The author will wrap up with a conclusion of the major findings. According to Stone1, consideration is mandatory in contract law to make agreements legally binding. It forms the test for enforceability of contracts. Its absence makes an agreement gratuitous and non enforceable as a contract. Estoppel is a claim in equity precluding someone from denying existence of a state of affairs if it would be unconscionable2 and the doctrine deals with pre-contractual waste by preventing adoption of positions at odds with previously relied upon positions by others3. Such denial might affect a person’s legal rights. Owen J. in The Bell Group Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation4 defined estoppel as a: â€Å"†¦ doctrine designed to protect a party from the detriment that would flow from that party’s change of position if the assumption or expectation that led to it were to be rendered groundless by another.†1 In common law, the claimant had to prove existence of a contractual relationship in defense against a claim of non performance of contract. The requirement of consideration led to injustices which promissory estoppel sought to address. By preventing a promisor from reneging on promises without consideration, Handley AJA in Equititrust Ltd (formerly Equitiloan Ltd) v Franks4 noted that promissory estoppel dealt with equitably binding assurances restraining promisors from enforcing his legal rights. Estoppel can be traced to Denning J’s reasoning in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd5 which described estoppel ensuring justice and equity6 in holding a landlord to his undertaking to accept reduced rent. The defendant was estopped from demanding rent arrears for the period of the war due to scarcity of tenants7. Professor Atiyah8 states that consideration was classically a